FAA: Air traffic system soon at full operation

A United Airlines jet departs in view of the air traffic control tower at Seattle-Tacoma International Airport Tuesday, April 23, 2013, in Seattle. A day after flight delays plagued much of the U.S., air travel is smoother Tuesday. But the government is warning passengers that the situation can change by the hour as it runs the nation's air traffic control system with a smaller staff. Airlines and members of Congress urged the Federal Aviation Administration to find other ways to make mandatory budget cuts besides furloughing controllers. While delays haven't been terrible yet, the airlines are worried about the long-term impact late flights will have on their budgets and on fliers. (AP Photo/Elaine Thompson)

A United Airlines jet departs in view of the air traffic control tower at Seattle-Tacoma International Airport Tuesday, April 23, 2013, in Seattle. A day after flight delays plagued much of the U.S., air travel is smoother Tuesday. But the government is warning passengers that the situation can change by the hour as it runs the nation's air traffic control system with a smaller staff. Airlines and members of Congress urged the Federal Aviation Administration to find other ways to make mandatory budget cuts besides furloughing controllers. While delays haven't been terrible yet, the airlines are worried about the long-term impact late flights will have on their budgets and on fliers. (AP Photo/Elaine Thompson)

The control tower stands in the background as a passenger lays on the pavement outside the international terminal at Hartsfield-Jackson airport, Friday, April 26, 2013, in Atlanta. Congress easily approved legislation Friday ending furloughs of air traffic controllers that have delayed hundreds of flights daily, infuriating travelers and causing political headaches for lawmakers.(AP Photo/David Goldman)

A passenger sits at right in the international terminal at Hartsfield-Jackson airport, Friday, April 26, 2013, in Atlanta. Congress easily approved legislation Friday ending furloughs of air traffic controllers that have delayed hundreds of flights daily, infuriating travelers and causing political headaches for lawmakers.(AP Photo/David Goldman)

The control tower stands in the background as a passenger paces while on the phone outside the international terminal at Hartsfield-Jackson airport, Friday, April 26, 2013, in Atlanta. Congress easily approved legislation Friday ending furloughs of air traffic controllers that have delayed hundreds of flights daily, infuriating travelers and causing political headaches for lawmakers.(AP Photo/David Goldman)

NEW YORK (AP) ? The Federal Aviation Administration said that the U.S. air traffic system will resume normal operations by Sunday evening after lawmakers rushed a bill through Congress allowing the agency to withdraw furloughs of air traffic controllers and other workers.

The FAA said Saturday that it has suspended all employee furloughs and that traffic facilities will begin returning to regular staffing levels over the next 24 hours. The furloughs were fallout from the $85 billion in automatic-across-the-board spending cuts this spring. The bill, passed on Friday, allows the FAA to move as much as $253 million within its budget to areas that will allow it to prevent reduced operations and staffing.

The furloughs started to hit air traffic controllers this past week, causing flight delays that left thousands of travelers frustrated and furious. Planes were forced to take off and land less frequently, so as not to overload the remaining controllers on duty.

The FAA had no choice but to cut $637 million as its share of $85 billion in automatic, government-wide spending cuts that must be achieved by the end of the federal budget year on Sept. 30.

Flight delays piled up across the country Sunday and Monday of this week as the FAA kept planes on the ground because there weren't enough controllers to monitor busy air corridors. Cascading delays held up flights at some of nation's busiest airports, including New York, Baltimore and Washington. Delta Air Lines canceled about 90 flights Monday because of worries about delays. Just about every passenger was rebooked on another Delta flight within a couple of hours. Air travel was smoother Tuesday.

Things could have been worse. A lot of people who had planned to fly this week changed their plans when they heard that air travel might be difficult, according to longtime aviation consultant Daniel Kasper of Compass Lexicon.

"Essentially what happened from an airline's perspective is that people who were going to travel didn't travel," he said. But canceled flights likely led to lost revenue for airlines. Even if they didn't have to incur some of costs of fueling up planes and getting them off the ground, crews that were already scheduled to work still had to paid.

"One week isn't going to kill them, but had it gone on much longer, it would have been a significant hit on their revenues and profits," Kasper said.

It's also a toll on travelers. At New York's LaGuardia airport on Friday, traveler Roger Bentley said "getting on a flight and being delayed really puts people on the spot. It puts people on the edge and makes people edgy and that's not something I want."

The challenges this week probably cost airlines less than disruptions from a typical winter storm, said John F. Thomas, an aviation consultant with L.E.K. Consulting.

"I think the fact that it got resolved this week has minimized the cost as it was more the inconvenience factor," Thomas said.

The budget cuts at the FAA were required under a law enacted two years ago as the government was approaching its debt limit. Democrats were in favor of raising the debt limit without strings attached so as not to provoke an economic crisis, but Republicans insisted on substantial cuts in exchange. The compromise was to require that every government "program, project and activity" ? with some exceptions, like Medicare ? be cut equally.

The FAA had reduced the work schedules of nearly all of its 47,000 employees by one day every two weeks, including 15,000 air traffic controllers, as well as thousands of air traffic supervisors, managers and technicians who keep airport towers and radar facility equipment working. That amounted to a 10 percent cut in hours and pay.

Republicans accused the Obama administration of forcing the furloughs to raise public pressure on Congress to roll back the budget cuts. Critics of the FAA insist the agency could have reduce its budget in other ways that would not have inconvenience travelers including diverting money from other accounts, such as those devoted to research, commercial space transportation and modernization of the air traffic control computers.

President Barack Obama chided lawmakers Saturday over their fix for widespread flight delays, deeming it an irresponsible way to govern, dubbing it a "Band-Aid" and a quick fix, rather than a lasting solution to the spending cuts known as the sequester.

"Republicans claimed victory when the sequester first took effect, and now they've decided it was a bad idea all along," Obama said, singling out the GOP even though the bill passed with overwhelming Democratic support in both chambers.

He scolded lawmakers for helping the Federal Aviation Administration while doing nothing to replace other cuts that he said harm federal employees, unemployed workers and preschoolers in Head Start.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/3d281c11a96b4ad082fe88aa0db04305/Article_2013-04-27-FAA-Furloughs/id-8a9330e37a0a400392cdb0d139da10b4

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Longer days bring 'winter blues' -- for rats, not humans

Apr. 25, 2013 ? Most of us are familiar with the "winter blues," the depression-like symptoms known as "seasonal affective disorder," or SAD, that occurs when the shorter days of winter limit our exposure to natural light and make us more lethargic, irritable and anxious. But for rats it's just the opposite.

Biologists at UC San Diego have found that rats experience more anxiety and depression when the days grow longer. More importantly, they discovered that the rat's brain cells adopt a new chemical code when subjected to large changes in the day and night cycle, flipping a switch to allow an entirely different neurotransmitter to stimulate the same part of the brain.

Their surprising discovery, detailed in the April 26 issue of Science, demonstrates that the adult mammalian brain is much more malleable than was once thought by neurobiologists. Because rat brains are very similar to human brains, their finding also provides a greater insight into the behavioral changes in our brain linked to light reception. And it opens the door for new ways to treat brain disorders such as Parkinson's, caused by the death of dopamine-generating cells in the brain.

The neuroscientists discovered that rats exposed for one week to 19 hours of darkness and five hours of light every day had more nerve cells making dopamine, which made them less stressed and anxious when measured using standardized behavioral tests. Meanwhile, rats exposed for a week with the reverse -- 19 hours of light and five hours of darkness -- had more neurons synthesizing the neurotransmitter somatostatin, making them more stressed and anxious.

"We're diurnal and rats are nocturnal," said Nicholas Spitzer, a professor of biology at UC San Diego and director of the Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind. "So for a rat, it's the longer days that produce stress, while for us it's the longer nights that create stress."

Because rats explore and search for food at night, while humans evolved as creatures who hunt and forage during the daylight hours, such differences in brain chemistry and behavior make sense. Evolutionary changes presumably favored humans who were more active gatherers of food during the longer days of summer and saved their energy during the shorter days of winter.

"Light is what wakes us up and if we feel depressed we go for a walk outside," said Davide Dulcis, a research scientist in Spitzer's laboratory and the first author of the study. "When it's spring, I feel more motivation to do the things I like to do because the days are longer. But for the rat, it's just the opposite. Because rats are nocturnal, they're less stressed at night, which is good because that's when they can spend more time foraging or eating."

But how did our brains change when humans evolved millions of years ago from small nocturnal rodents to diurnal creatures to accommodate those behavioral changes?

"We think that somewhere in the brain there's been a change," said Spitzer. "Sometime in the evolution from rat to human there's been an evolutionary adjustment of circuitry to allow switching of neurotransmitters in the opposite direction in response to the same exposure to a balance of light and dark."

A study published earlier this month in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine found some correlation to the light-dark cycle in rats and stress in humans, at least when it comes to people searching on the internet for information in the winter versus the summer about mental illness. Using Google's search data from 2006 to 2010, a team of researchers led by John Ayers of San Diego State University found that mental health searches on Google were, in general, 14 percent higher in the winter in the United States and 11 percent higher in the Australian winter.

"Now that we know that day length can switch transmitters and change behavior, there may be a connection," said Spitzer.

In their rat experiments, the UC San Diego neuroscientists found that the switch in transmitter synthesis in the rat's brain cells from dopamine to somatostatin or back again was not due to the growth of new neurons, but to the ability of the same neurons there to produce different neurotransmitters.

Rats exposed to 19 hours of darkness every 24 hours during the week showed higher numbers of dopamine neurons within their brains and were more likely, the researchers found, to explore the open end of an elevated maze, a behavioral test showing they were less anxious. These rats were also more willing to swim, another laboratory test that showed they were less stressed.

"Because rats are nocturnal animals, they like to explore during the night and dopamine is a key part of our and their reward system," said Spitzer. "It's part of what allows them to be confident and reduce anxiety."

The researchers said they don't know precisely how this neurotransmitter switch works. Nor do they know what proportion of light and darkness or stress triggers this switch in brain chemistry. "Is it 50-50? Or 80 percent light versus dark and 20 percent stress? We don't know," added Spitzer. "If we just stressed the animal and didn't change their photoperiod, would that lead to changes in transmitter identity? We don't know, but those are all doable experiments."

But as they learn more about this trigger mechanism, they said one promising avenue for human application might be to use this neurotransmitter switch to deliver dopamine effectively to parts of the brain that no longer receive dopamine in Parkinson's patients.

"We could switch to a parallel pathway to put dopamine where it's needed with fewer side effects than pharmacological agents," said Dulcis.

The other researchers involved in the study, which was funded by grants from the Ellison Medical Foundation, were Pouya Jamshidi and Stefan Leutgeb of UC San Diego.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of California - San Diego.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Journal Reference:

1. D. Dulcis, P. Jamshidi, S. Leutgeb, N. C. Spitzer. Neurotransmitter Switching in the Adult Brain Regulates Behavior. Science, 2013; 340 (6131): 449 DOI: 10.1126/science.1234152

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/strange_science/~3/jWxZHMiyj5c/130425142430.htm

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Military grooms new officers for war in cyberspace

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'American Idol' Recap: Angie Miller Steals The Show And 'Snatches Some Wigs'

Judges sang Miller's praises for all three of her performances Wednesday night.
By Adam Graham

Source: http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1706306/american-idol-final-four-angie-miller.jhtml

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Assured Labor Raises $5.5M To Find Jobs For Workers Across Latin America

Assured Labor, a New York, Mexico City and Sao Paulo-based startup that helps low- and middle-income workers across Latin America find jobs through their mobile phones, just closed $5.5 million in funding led by Mexican private equity firm Capital Indigo. Other existing investors include Great Oaks Venture Capital, Nexus Venture Partners, Kima Ventures, Enzyme Venture Capital, Fabrice Grinda and Jose Marin. The company, which came out of MIT’s Media Lab, runs two big job-hunting services called EmpleoListo in Mexico and TrabalhoJ? in Brazil that now have 500,000 job seekers and 16,000 employers. They’re growing at a clip of about 1,000 employers per month. (They only just broke into the Brazilian market a year ago.) With Assured Labor, employers looking for potential hires can put job descriptions in through the company’s website. Assured Labor will find the most qualified candidates and text message or e-mail them. Workers register on computers either at home or through web cafes. Once they’re in the system, they’ll get text messages any time a company posts a relevant position and they can text or call back through a private number. Naturally, employers pay to find candidates. This company isn’t really competing with higher end services like LinkedIn. “LinkedIn is going for the opposite end of the job spectrum,” said CEO David Reich. Reich says Assured Labor is more of a social enterprise that targets the lower-earning segment of the market. If you look at the job listings on Empleolisto, they’re for positions like customer service representative or bilingual executive assistant. Many of their clients are still on feature phones, as Latin American markets are only beginning to experience an oncoming wave of affordable Android phones. “I wish that transition with smartphones would happen faster,” Reich said. “A lot of users would have a better experience with us through smartphones. They still have very small penetration, maybe only 10 to 15 percent in most countries in Latin America.”

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/4VpmAsNOKXo/

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Oil falls to nearly $93 ahead of US growth data

BANGKOK (AP) ? The price of oil fell to near $93 a barrel Friday ahead of quarterly growth figures from the world's biggest economy.

Benchmark oil for June delivery was down 62 cents to $93.02 per barrel at midday Bangkok time in electronic trading on the New York Mercantile Exchange. The contract rose $2.21 to close at $93.64 on Thursday after the U.S. Labor Department said the number of Americans seeking unemployment benefits fell last week by 16,000, suggesting that layoffs have declined.

Traders turned slightly cautious ahead of first quarter U.S. economic growth due later Friday. Economists expect to see a significant improvement from the anemic 0.4 percent growth rate reported for the October-December quarter.

But analysts at Credit Agricole CIB in Hong Kong said the result "is unlikely to allay market concerns after a recent run of disappointing data indicates some decline in growth momentum." Recent reports have suggested that manufacturing is starting to weaken. Sales of previously occupied U.S. homes dipped in March.

Brent crude, which is used to price oil used by many U.S. refiners, fell 50 cents to $102.91 a barrel on the ICE futures exchange in London.

In other energy futures trading on the Nymex:

? Gasoline fell 0.1 cent to $2.801 per gallon.

? Heating oil fell 1.5 cents to $2.872 a gallon.

? Natural gas lost 1.5 cents to $4.152 per 1,000 cubic feet.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/oil-falls-nearly-93-ahead-us-growth-data-053948661--finance.html

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Optimus G Pro for AT&T leaks out ahead of LG's US press event

Want a glimpse of what LG may have in store for the US market come the first of May? Chances are this latest render (pictured above) from @evleaks could very turn out to be AT&T's Optimus G Pro variant. From the looks of things, not much has changed design-wise since we reviewed the 5.5-inch global model, with the removable, high-gloss backplate still sporting that sub-surface pattern first introduced on the Optimus G. Even the arrangement of the rear camera, flash and speaker appear to have remained the same -- the only noticeable difference is the AT&T globe situated none too subtly below. Whether or not LG's reworked its internals remains to be seen, but with the event now less than a week away, we'll have all the answers soon enough.

Filed under: Cellphones, Wireless, Mobile, AT&T, LG

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Source: EVLeaks (Twitter)

Source: http://feeds.engadget.com/~r/weblogsinc/engadget/~3/8Y-ss_s0lJc/

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A century after WWI, a dead soldier unites

BULLECOURT, France (AP) ? When Didier Guerle fulfilled his grandfather's dying wish and had the fields of his farm searched, he set off a chain of events that brought people together across continents, and one family across generations.

The farmer called in his friend Moise Dilly, an expert in metal detection. Soon enough, Dilly came across something hidden underneath the lush grassland. "I took a spade and some time later I hit a shoe. There still was a bone in it."

As his grandfather had predicted, beneath the brutal World War I battleground, the remains and possessions of dead soldiers were found, including the silver identity bracelet for British Lt. John Harold Pritchard. Dilly's metal detector had been set off by a gun or other piece of metal on a body.

On Tuesday, almost a century after his death in the trenches, Pritchard finally found a proper grave and a ceremonial reburial in neighboring Ecoust-St. Mein, attended by his family and England's Prince Michael of Kent. Finally, he was no longer among the ranks of soldiers whose bodies were never found in the carnage of the Great War.

Pvt. Christopher Douglas Elphick and two unidentified men were buried in the same ceremony, which comes as nations prepare to mark World War I centenary commemorations next year.

Family members of Pritchard, a soldier chorister who performed as a child at the enthronement of British King Edward VII, sang for him at the white gravestone that now marks his memory. Among them was a great niece who used musical scores from his own choir days to study to become a professional singer. The grave is one of tens of thousands dotting the fertile fields in northern France which were scene to some of humanity's worst bloodshed.

"Lost for many years. Your battle is won," the etching on the stone says.

Among the crowd at the war cemetery stood Mark Cain, an American collector who came into possession of Pritchard's ceremonial sword about a dozen years ago. He became interested in the object and got in touch with the British armed forces archives about it. When he learned from the archives that Pritchard's remains had been found, he knew there was only one thing to do: give the sword back to the family.

"The sword has been traveling between continents for 100 years perhaps," Cain said. "I have been very honored to return it."

Pritchard's family was profoundly moved by the generosity. "I persuaded him to come to the burial because I cannot thank him enough," said Janet Shell, Pritchard's great-niece.

The value of the sword? "They will tell you it is priceless," Cain said after Pritchard's family was handed the sword by Prince Michael.

For Shell, it was music that reunited the family across a century. As a chorister of St. Paul's Cathedral, Pritchard has been on a remembrance plaque of the cathedral since 1921. Pritchard left for the war in the first wave of 1914 but came back to England after he was injured twice. "He was given the option of staying but John said 'no,' he wanted to get back to his men," she said.

The night before he left for France for the final time in 1916, he was stationed at the Tower of London. He played the piano for his mother and sister Ida and sang to a verse of poet Lord Tennyson's "Crossing the Bar" ? a metaphor about impending death which ends: "I hope to see my Pilot face to face/When I have crost the bar."

And the day's leaden clouds broke for Janet and three other professional singers in the family, as they brought the ceremony to an end with a moving a cappella rendition of the same song.

"It was sort of fitting in some way," said Shell. "It could not have been a better moment."

"Now this is bringing together four generations and we will never forget."

Pritchard was killed on May 15, 1917, in a nighttime battle which stopped his watch at midnight. He died in the second battle of Bullecourt on the Hindenburg Line, a fight that instead of saving the village fully razed it. Thousands of dead were scattered on both sides. Australians who fought there called it the "blood tub" and the two-week battle had little impact on the Great War itself.

The impact on the locals, though, was deep. Bullecourt literally had to be rebuilt from the mud up. Some people had no idea where their house once stood.

When Guerle's grandfather, Jean-Baptiste Savary, returned from the war, he wanted to forget, even though he knew bodies were strewn on his land.

"He told us that when I'm dead, you have to get all the soldiers out," said Guerle.

Out of respect, the land behind the farm was never ploughed, and only lightweight sheep were allowed to graze. "We did not want to trample the dead," Guerle said.

Neither he nor anyone else knows how many soldiers are still buried in his fields.

But Dilly said: "I guarantee you that there are still a lot of them there."

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/century-wwi-dead-soldier-unites-162923299.html

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Jenelle turns to drugs again on 'Teen Mom 2'

MTV

By Drusilla Moorhouse, TODAY contributor

It was d?j? vu all over again for "Teen Mom 2" star Jenelle Evans, who resumed her heavy partying with baddie boyfriend Kieffer Delp on this week's utterly bleak episode.

For a hot minute, things seemed OK, despite the Kieffer's return. Too broke to buy marijuana, Jenelle quit for two whole weeks. She also passed a mandatory drug test, leading to the dismissal of her domestic violence and drug charges. Her ex, Gary Head, also escaped jail by taking a plea, but the no-contact order remained in place.

Too bad the no-contact order between Kieffer and Jenelle was lifted long ago, because old habits -- substance abuse and homelessness -- die hard for this happy couple.

Shockingly, entrepreneur Kieffer's new "tobacco" pipe business isn't flourishing (maybe he spends too time using his products instead of making them?), and their landlord serves them with an eviction notice.

"We don't even owe that much to get evicted," K.Delp protests. "Has there been other problems?" (Just Jenelle's arrest and their blatant drug use!)

Jenelle's financial woes spark her mom, Barbara, to take up her familiar refrain -- and the women get into yet another profanity-fueled screaming match in front of 3-year-old Jace. Babs warns her daughter that she'll never get custody back, and Jenelle and Kieffer counter with some scathing retorts.

Kieffer follows up his baffling "Being a felon ain't illegal!" by blasting Barbara's job.

"You're 60 years old and work at a deli," jibes Jenelle's unemployed beau, while Jenelle adds, "You're a deli person that's going to work at Wal-Mart the rest of your life."

Barbara will probably be caring for Jace for the rest of her life too, because Jenelle is doing nothing to prove that she's a fit mother.

Kieffer, meanwhile, is proving his fiscal sensibility: With 70 bucks to Jenelle's name, his advice is to blow the wad on dope ("you get a discount if you get more"), but Jenelle just becomes even more depressed. ?

"It's been way worse," Kieffer reasons. "We could be in the front seat of the Accord with nowhere to go." (Isn't that where they're headed?) ?

Also: "There's food in the refrigerator and the dog's alive."

When Jenelle still isn't comforted, he offers to "scoop up some pain pills" or "something to get you high."

(That "something" sends Jenelle's to the ER in the next episode, with Babs sobbing that her daughter might die from using "hard-core drugs.")

Meanwhile, with the other Teen Moms...

Chelsea's got problems too: She hates getting up early, and her baby daddy can't spell his own daughter's name. (He celebrates Aubree's birthday at a motel with a cake reading "Happy birthday, Audree." His gift? A miniature motorcycle. With an engine.)

Leah and baby daddy Corey's celebration of daughter Ali's first steps is sadly short-lived, because a neuromuscular specialist is very concerned about her muscle development. He orders a nerve conduction test and a muscle biopsy, which means the 3-year-old will once again have to undergo general anesthesia -- and the family still may never have an accurate diagnosis of the girl's disorder.

Unlike Leah and Corey, Kailyn and Jo continue to struggle with co-parenting. They finally attend their court-ordered family therapy session, but she decides to wait until afterward to tell Jo about Javi's new Air Force career. Predictably -- since Jo said during the session that he "would never accept (her) moving away" -- he warns her to expect a legal battle if she tries to relocate with their son.

Next week, Kailyn and Javi get married, her husband leaves for boot camp, and the party's over for Jenelle.

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Source: http://theclicker.today.com/_news/2013/04/23/17879445-jenelle-evans-turns-to-drugs-again-on-teen-mom-2?lite

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High-nutrition and disease-resistant purple and yellow-fleshed potato clones obtained

Apr. 24, 2013 ? The Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Neiker-Tecnalia, has created four new potato clones which are characterised by their high antioxidant content, their good production both in size and number of tubers, as well as by their resistance to the usual diseases of this crop. The clones were obtained by natural methods through crossing varieties from South America with commercial varieties used in Europe. The result was three clones of the purple-fleshed potato and one with a markedly yellow flesh. The attractiveness and nutritional value of these types of potato make them a product highly regarded by professionals in gastronomy and by the public in general.

The work of creating the clones is part of the Potato Genetic Enhancement Programme drawn up by Neiker-Tecnalia. The research was led by agricultural engineer Ms Raquel L?pez, being the basis for her PhD thesis, and was presented at the University of the Basque Country. The aim of this specialist was to find potatoes which brought together the features of the South American varieties (their colour, resistance to pathogens and their nutritional and organoleptic properties) with those of the commercial varieties employed in our latitudes and characterized by their high productivity.

The Neiker-Tecnalia researchers brought 37 varieties from the Centro Internacional de la Papa, based in Peru. These native South American varieties were crossed in the greenhouse with commercial varieties, using natural procedures. The selection of and crossing between individuals with the best traits has given rise to the four clones mentioned. For the moment, these involve advanced clones and not commercial varieties, as they are not registered at the Spanish Office for Plant Varieties (OEVV in the Spanish acronym) or the European Community Plant Variety Office (CPVO). The process of registering is a long one, lasting about 15 years.

The varieties imported from Peru have a very low productivity in our latitudes, both in size and the number of tubers. Nevertheless, with the process of crossing and selection, the final clones having acceptable productivity has been achieved.

Nutritional value and resistant to pathogens

The four clones obtained are characterised by the high presence of antioxidants compounds, making them very attractive from a nutritional perspective. The three purple-flesh clones contain a large quantity of anthocyanins ? a highly appreciated pigment in the preparation of high added value foods ?, while the yellow flesh variety have carotenes ? essential chemical components for the diet ? and in greater quantities than in the usual commercial varieties.

Resistance to diseases is another of the achievements. The four clones show certain resistance to the pathogens analysed, such as the potato virus Y, as well as the Pectobacterium atrosepticum bacteria, which weaken the vegetable and considerably undermine its production.

Researcher Raquel L?pez highlights the importance of taking into account the clones achieved. ?It is beneficial for European producers to have varieties of purple flesh potato that are adapted to the climatological conditions of this continent. Moreover, these varieties incorporate natural antioxidant compounds, which are nutritionally and visually attractive, both for restaurant professionals and for end consumers?.

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Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/~3/i5mIBlRVxmw/130424081058.htm

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Internet sales tax bill quietly being rushed through ... - DVD Talk Forum

The Internet Sales Tax Rush
Harry Reid and Wal-Mart hope nobody will notice their online revenue raid.

Every time Congress has taken a serious look at proposals to boost Internet sales taxes, it has rejected them. That's probably why pro-tax Senators are trying to rush through an online tax hike with as little consideration as possible.

As early as Monday, the Senate will vote on a bill that was introduced only last Tuesday. The text of this legislation, which would fundamentally change interstate commerce, only became available on the Library of Congress website over the weekend. And you thought ObamaCare was jammed through Nancy Pelosi's Democratic House in a hurry.

For Senators curious about what they're voting on, it is the same flawed proposal that Mike Enzi (R., Wyo.) introduced in February. It has been repackaged to qualify for a Senate rule that allows Majority Leader Harry Reid to bypass committee debate and bring it straight to the floor.

Mr. Enzi's Marketplace Fairness Act discriminates against Internet-based businesses by imposing burdens that it does not apply to brick-and-mortar companies. For the first time, online merchants would be forced to collect sales taxes for all of America's estimated 9,600 state and local taxing authorities.

New Hampshire, for example, has no sales tax, but a Granite State Web merchant would be forced to collect and remit sales taxes to all the governments that do. Small online sellers will therefore have to comply with tax laws created by distant governments in which they have no representation, and in places where they consume no local services.

Meanwhile, New Hampshire's brick-and-mortar retailers will bear no such burden. They will not be required to collect taxes on the many customers who drive across the Maine and Massachusetts borders to shop in New Hampshire. Bill sponsors say it would be too big a hassle to force traditional retailers to ask every walk-in customer where they live, but these Senators are happy to impose new obligations online.

The Enzi plan would require a centralized tax collector for each state or for a group of states that would gather both state and local levies from the online merchants. His office concedes that could still mean 27 or more different auditors of a Web-based business?which is better than 9,600 but hardly qualifies as simplicity.

The drivers of this rush to tax are Wal-Mart WMT -0.41% and other big retailers that can more easily absorb the costs of collection than can smaller competitors. Also supporting the bill is Internet giant Amazon, which coincidentally now sells its own tax compliance service to other merchants. Adding to the lobbying muscle are state and local governments. The politicians believe they'll collect tens of billions of dollars in taxes that are already owed by shoppers on remote sales but rarely paid.

So big business and big government are uniting to pursue their mutual interest in sticking it to the little guy. Any Internet seller with more than $1 million in annual sales would be forced to serve all of the nation's tax collectors. It's true that many small brick-and-mortar retailers in states with sales taxes support the Enzi bill. They say they're at a disadvantage as customers examine products in their showrooms and then go home to buy them tax-free. On the other hand, some customers use retail websites for research before buying at a local store.

But even if the goal is to "level the playing field" in favor of Main Street, it won't happen. Mr. Enzi cannot possibly force all the world's Internet businesses to collect local U.S. taxes. So instead of shifting sales from online to bricks-and-mortar, he might succeed in shifting them from U.S. online merchants to foreign ones.

This rush to tax is an attempt to overturn the Supreme Court's 1992 decision in Quill v. North Dakota that forcing businesses to collect and remit taxes to jurisdictions where they have no physical presence was too big a burden. Though that ruling applied to catalogs in the pre-Internet age, it established an important principle of cross-state tax accountability.

Congress does have the power to write new rules for interstate commerce. But for years even politicians who wanted to force remote sellers to collect taxes conceded that it would only work if states and localities dramatically simplified their tax systems. That has never happened. So now the tax collectors promise that software will figure out how every item is taxed in every town in America.

Perhaps software will flawlessly determine, for example, what is classified as candy for tax purposes and what is considered food in each jurisdiction. But the legislation itself contemplates confusion, as it spells out when a merchant is liable for errors and when a software vendor takes the blame. The way governments work, they'll penalize both merchants and the software vendors for mistakes.

Some of our conservative friends are backing this Internet tax raid as a way to raise revenue to avoid more state income-tax increases. More likely the new revenues will merely fund larger government. Republicans who are realists about government would be wiser to join Senators Ron Wyden (D., Ore.) and Kelly Ayotte (R., N.H.), who are leading the opposition.

Source: http://forum.dvdtalk.com/politics-world-events/610227-internet-sales-tax-bill-quietly-being-rushed-through-senate.html

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Endangered African language explored

Public release date: 23-Apr-2013
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Eva-Marie Str?m
eva-marie.strom@sprak.gu.se
46-073-072-8555
University of Gothenburg

Children growing up in the Rufiji region along the coast of Tanzania are learning Swahili as their first language.

Consequently, their parents are expected to be the last generation to be fluent in the minority language Ndengeleko. A new doctoral thesis in African languages from the University of Gothenburg is the first, and maybe last, attempt ever to explore Ndengeleko grammatically.

More than 120 languages are spoken in Tanzania. Most are minority languages spoken by various ethnic groups in the country. Eva-Marie Strm, the author of the thesis, estimates that Ndengeleko, which belongs to the Bantu language family, is currently spoken by about 72 000 people.

'Although this is not an extremely low number in the context of minority languages, my conclusion is that Ndengeleko is indeed endangered and will most likely disappear within a few generations,' she says.

Strm's study is based on interviews and recordings and was carried out on-site with speakers of the language who are interested in preserving their knowledge for future generations.

'My research gives a good description of the phonology of the language, or of the sounds used. It turns out that it has a rather limited number of consonants and vowels. Moreover, some consonants have disappeared from some words over time, making combinations of vowels common.'

In Ndengeleko as in other Bantu languages in Africa morphemes are combined to form long words. Morphemes are the small building blocks of words, and they all have a meaning. Combinations of morphemes can appear differently in different words depending on which vowels and consonants are involved. A large part of the analysis concerned these complex processes.

Descriptions of languages are important in order to understand people's linguistic abilities and how languages evolve. Also, languages can reveal information about the people who speak them and how they approach life and the world around them.

'Traditional research on languages and cognition is still largely based on Western languages. My thesis contributes to our understanding of human languages,' says Strm, who is also hoping that her study will help strengthen the self-confidence and status of Ndengeleko speakers.

###

More information: Eva-Marie Strm, +46 (0)730 72 85 55, email: eva-marie.strom@sprak.gu.se

Title of the doctoral thesis: The Ndengeleko language of Tanzania

The thesis is available at: https://gupea.ub.gu.se/handle/2077/32111

---

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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Public release date: 23-Apr-2013
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Eva-Marie Str?m
eva-marie.strom@sprak.gu.se
46-073-072-8555
University of Gothenburg

Children growing up in the Rufiji region along the coast of Tanzania are learning Swahili as their first language.

Consequently, their parents are expected to be the last generation to be fluent in the minority language Ndengeleko. A new doctoral thesis in African languages from the University of Gothenburg is the first, and maybe last, attempt ever to explore Ndengeleko grammatically.

More than 120 languages are spoken in Tanzania. Most are minority languages spoken by various ethnic groups in the country. Eva-Marie Strm, the author of the thesis, estimates that Ndengeleko, which belongs to the Bantu language family, is currently spoken by about 72 000 people.

'Although this is not an extremely low number in the context of minority languages, my conclusion is that Ndengeleko is indeed endangered and will most likely disappear within a few generations,' she says.

Strm's study is based on interviews and recordings and was carried out on-site with speakers of the language who are interested in preserving their knowledge for future generations.

'My research gives a good description of the phonology of the language, or of the sounds used. It turns out that it has a rather limited number of consonants and vowels. Moreover, some consonants have disappeared from some words over time, making combinations of vowels common.'

In Ndengeleko as in other Bantu languages in Africa morphemes are combined to form long words. Morphemes are the small building blocks of words, and they all have a meaning. Combinations of morphemes can appear differently in different words depending on which vowels and consonants are involved. A large part of the analysis concerned these complex processes.

Descriptions of languages are important in order to understand people's linguistic abilities and how languages evolve. Also, languages can reveal information about the people who speak them and how they approach life and the world around them.

'Traditional research on languages and cognition is still largely based on Western languages. My thesis contributes to our understanding of human languages,' says Strm, who is also hoping that her study will help strengthen the self-confidence and status of Ndengeleko speakers.

###

More information: Eva-Marie Strm, +46 (0)730 72 85 55, email: eva-marie.strom@sprak.gu.se

Title of the doctoral thesis: The Ndengeleko language of Tanzania

The thesis is available at: https://gupea.ub.gu.se/handle/2077/32111

---

[ | E-mail | Share ]

?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-04/uog-eal042313.php

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Are Justin Bieber and Selena Gomez Back Together?

Maybe things are turning around for Justin Bieber. The 19-year-old pop star has been a hot mess ever since Selena Gomez broke up with him this past winter. Selena, meanwhile, had no trouble moving on with her life -- or so we thought. Because last week, Selena flew out to Oslo, Norway to meet up with her ex. And it was more than a friendly visit.

Source: http://www.ivillage.com/are-justin-bieber-and-selena-gomez-back-together/1-a-533978?dst=iv%3AiVillage%3Aare-justin-bieber-and-selena-gomez-back-together-533978

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Playing Nicely With Subject Matter Experts | Heroic Technical Writing

I gave this talk today at the 2013 STC Rocket City Technical Communication Conference. Perhaps it will be of some use to you.

When Working with SMEs Goes Badly
I began my talk with a couple of Subject Matter Expert (SME) horror stories from the tech writing trenches. If you?ve done the job for any amount of time, you no doubt have your own. These are mine.

Example #1: Battle of the Egos
So when I worked in the Disney IT department, I needed a programmer to give me some information for a software development document. I kept asking (name changed to protect the guilty), ?Hey, Mike! Where?s that info I need?? After a sufficient number of inquiries of this nature, Mike got irritated with me and snapped, ?Why are you pushing so hard on this? No one?s going to read what you write, anyway.? To which I replied, equally impolitely, ?Why are you working so hard on that code? No one?s ever going to use it.?
Okay, not my most diplomatic moment, but he did get me the information.

Example #2: The Genius

A few years ago, I was assigned to help write an internal proposal within NASA. The SME was a bit put out that he was sent a writer at all. ?Look, I?ve got a Ph.D. in astrophysics, and I?ve taken a seven-day course in proposal writing. I know everything there is to know about this business.? Or words to that effect. I bit my tongue on this occasion, but I found it amusing when a proposal reviewer complained about the language in a section the SME had written and wouldn?t let me touch. ?This is dry and a bit condescending. Did your technical writer read this?? For what it?s worth, that proposal did win.

Regardless of the horror stories, the bottom-line lesson here is that these conflicts arose out of a lack of mutual respect. It?s important to respect the value that your SME brings to the table, but it also helps if that respect goes both ways. Sometimes that takes a while.

How Should We Work with SMEs?

Americans tend to be very informal, and it?s tempting for us to just walk into someone?s office or accost them in the hallway and ask them something. However, if you work in large, formal, bureaucratic organizations, it is good to remember a little etiquette and protocol. Protocol means you follow the official chain of command to get to Subject Matter Expert X, via formal email/Outlook invitation or via appointment made through their assistant. Etiquette means you approach such matters politely.

What this means in practical terms is that you set a formal meeting with an agenda (topic/context/questions stated up front) so the SME knows the reason for the discussion. You need to show up on time for the meeting. You need to stick to your agenda and end on time?basic rules of the road, just as Mom always taught. Their time is as valuable as yours?probably more, depending on what they make per hour. In any case, this protocol-based approach will not guarantee that the SME won?t get into the weeds on their own (?Back in ?67, when we were working with von Braun??). The side stories are often a bonus in my work because I find the history of the space business fascinating, but there are times when you might need to interrupt (politely, of course) and say, ?You know what? This is an interesting story, and I?d like to hear the whole thing sometime. But right now, I really need to now more about X.?

At the conclusion of the interview, ask the SME to review the content (proposal, press release, white paper, etc.) that you wrote based on the interview. This is a good time to set some expectations regarding the easiest way to give and receive feedback?phone call? Track Changes in Word??as well as when you need the SME?s inputs. And, as always, thank them for their time.

How Should We Communicate with SMEs?

Technology now offers us many different ways to communicate with each other, some with differing levels of engagement and effectiveness. Some people prefer Post-It Notes. Some like text messaging, which to me is the worst method for getting things done, but suffices when you?re in a hurry. Email is a little better because people are more likely to type better and more formally in front of a grownup-size keyboard than typing quickly on those little-kid keys on their smart phone. The next method of communicating is that old standby, speaking on the telephone?you know: what we used to use our phones for before we started playing Angry Birds with them. The most effective method for human beings is still in person, face to face. Usually. There are some people who don?t like a lot of people around and are more comfortable conversing by email. I usually look at this as an opportunity to apply the Golden Rule to communications: communicate with your SME as they would prefer to communicate. You should be a little more obliging to their style of doing things since they?re helping you.

What Questions Should We Ask?

Before we start asking a SME questions out of the blue, it?s worth considering when we shouldn?t bother them. I needed to learn this the hard way when a manager at Disney got frustrated with my constant inquiries and asked me, ?Bart did you try looking it up first?!? Having learned that lesson the hard way, my sanity check now is to ask myself, ?Can I Google this or look it up in an internal document somewhere?? If the answer is yes, don?t bother the SME. This is a matter of doing your homework to some extent: learning the nomenclature, the flow of technology in your area of work, and the ever-present (at least in the space business) list of acronyms. It took me a good six months to fully absorb the acronyms used at NASA. But the effort is worth it because learning the basics of your SME?s language helps you in several ways:

1. It prevents you from asking stupid questions (?What?s an engine??).
2. It enables you to understand the answers the SME is giving you.
3. It allows you to get past all the little questions, and get to the more important and interesting questions your SME can answer best.
4. I thought about this one just now: Your SME is more likely to take you seriously because you?ve taken the time to learn his/her business and to get things right.

So what are those more interesting questions?

• The how or why behind particular technical decisions.

• Localized knowledge: how do they do or think about things at Marshall Space Flight Center differently from how they do them Kennedy Space Center?

• Networking/referrals to other sources: ?Hey, Phil! Who worked on the aerospike engine for the X-33??
• Sanity checks/clarifications of content you?ve written based on their work/interview.

Concluding Deep Thoughts

I love my job. Technical writing is a constant opportunity to learn things you never knew from some very interesting people who are a lot smarter than you. They aren?t always as nice as they could be?and actually most of them are happy to share their knowledge with you?but if you can stay humble enough to admit that you don?t know everything, working with SMEs is pretty easy. They add value by providing depth and context to what you write. You add value by translating what they share into the clearest, most effective prose you can so that your work can go forward. And if you can get past some occasional conflicts of personality, technical writing really is the most interesting job in the world.

Summary

My current employer?s primary method of communicating is to call me up or drag me into a room with a white board and do a brain dump for an hour. I then go back to my desk, translate what I?ve heard, and email the document to him for a sanity check. It?s a good system for him, and he appreciates my ability to translate Jasonish into English. Jason also doesn?t like me to use any more than five major points (which reminds me: he mentioned in passing yesterday that he wants me to write a white paper on the ?rule of five? when I get a chance). In that spirit, allow me to close with these final five reminders when dealing with SMEs:

• Give and expect respect.
• Establish and follow protocol and etiquette.
• Communicate with them as they would like to communicate.
• Do your homework first so you can ask better questions.
• Listen to your SMEs ? write clearly and correctly with the best words possible so that you?re both adding your best value.

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Source: http://heroictechwriting.wordpress.com/2013/04/20/playing-nicely-with-subject-matter-experts/

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University of Michigan president Mary Sue Coleman to retire in '14

University of Michigan President Mary Sue Coleman announced Thursday she will retire in July 2014, ending more than a decade-long tenure marked by an ambitious program of construction and controversy over the school's diversity efforts.

During a meeting of the school's Board of Regents, Coleman, 69, said she would leave when her current contract expires. Her base salary is $603,357.

"Leading the University of Michigan is the most challenging and rewarding work of my career," she said in a statement. "It is a tremendous privilege and one that continually energizes me. I have often said I have the best job in higher education, and I look forward to continuing to work with faculty, students, staff and alumni in the upcoming year.

"The University of Michigan deserves the best in a leader, and I want to give the Board of Regents ample time to select the next president."

Board vice chairwoman Andrea Fischer Newman said she anticipates a formal search will begin this summer.

"Hiring a president is the most critical job of the board, and we will seek an exceptional candidate to lead the university into its third century," Newman said.

U-M will mark its bicentennial in 2017.

At the regents meeting, the university also announced the largest gift in its history, $110 million in securities from investor Charles T. Munger.

The gift from Munger, vice chairman at Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway, will fund a graduate residence hall.

Coleman, U-M's first woman president, has been in office since 2002 and is the school's fourth-longest-serving president. James B. Angell served 38 years, followed by Alexander G. Ruthven at 22 and Harlan H. Hatcher at 16.

"Mary Sue Coleman has been an extraordinary leader of an extraordinary university. The board is profoundly grateful for her service and we anticipate working closely with her on an orderly leadership transition," Newman said.

Coleman pushed for diversity on campus and opposed a state law, passed by voters in 2006, that prohibited considering race in college admissions and public hiring. The U.S. Supreme Court announced last month it would take on a court case involving the law, which was struck down by a federal appeals court in November.

She presided over a busy period of construction at U-M. Buildings erected during her tenure include the North Quad building, Mott Children's Hospital, Von Voigtlander Women's Hospital and Ross Business School complex.

The school also bought 173 acres and 30 buildings in 2009 for a research complex. A new nursing school building also is in the works.

Coleman also led the $3 billion Michigan Difference fundraising campaign.

A year after Coleman was hired, the Wolverine basketball program was put on probation for violations involving booster Ed Martin and $600,000 in payments to four former players, Chris Webber, Maurice Taylor, Robert Traylor and Louis Bullock. Banners won during their time on the team were taken down from Crisler Arena and put in storage.

Coleman said last year she opposed putting the banners back up.

She said she and her husband, Ken, plan to remain in Ann Arbor, where they have bought a home, and will divide their time between Michigan and Colorado, where their son and his family live in Denver.

"We have always lived in college towns and there's really no place like Ann Arbor. We did not think twice about where we wanted to call home after the presidency," she said.

A biochemist, Coleman came to U-M from the University of Iowa, where she was president for seven years. She also held leadership positions at the University of New Mexico, University of North Carolina and University of Kentucky, where for 20 years she directed a cancer research center.

Associated Press contributed.

Source: http://www.detroitnews.com/article/20130418/SCHOOLS/304180472/1361/rss41

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Lufthansa faces day of disruption as union calls strike

German airline Lufthansa and air travellers across Germany face another day of disruption next week after unions on Friday called for a one-day walkout in an escalating pay dispute.

A month after Lufthansa was forced to cancel nearly 700 European flights due to half a day of warnings strikes, the giant services sector union Verdi called for a full day of walkouts on Monday after management failed to come up with up an acceptable pay offer after three rounds of talks.

Verdi is calling for a 5.2-percent pay increase for 33,000 Lufthansa ground staff, plus employees of the subsidiaries Lufthansa-Systems, Lufthansa Service Group (LSG), Lufthansa Technik and Lufthansa Cargo, as well as those cabin crew members who are Verdi members.

But the union complained that the offer tabled by management represented an increase 0.4 - 0.6 percent over a period of 12 months.

"For employees that is a sharp reduction in real pay and in no way acceptable," said Verdi board member Christine Behle.

The airports affected will be Frankfurt, Hamburg, Munich, Stuttgart, Hannover, Duesseldorf and Cologne, plus the Lufthansa site in Norderstedt, northern Germany.

Walkouts are planned for Berlin from 2:30 pm (1230 GMT) and in the morning in Nuremberg.

Verdi accused management of "playing with employees' fears about their future and their jobs" in refusing to make any concrete guarantees.

Furthermore, by refusing to back down on demands for longer working hours, a reduction of employees' Christmas bonus and its "scandalous offer, management is provoking another warning strike," Behle said.

"It is in management's hand to defuse the situation and pave the way for a solution," she added.

A spokesman for Lufthansa said the airline expected to announce its contingency plans at the weekend for the strike action.

"It's too early to say at this point how many flights will be cancelled," said spokesman Helmut Tolksdorf.

Last month, some 700 out of a total 1,800 daily flights were cancelled.

Lufthansa shares were among the few losers on a generally firmer stock market on Friday, slipping 0.36 percent in late morning trade, while the overall DAX 30 index was up 0.49 percent.

Source: http://www.emirates247.com/lufthansa-faces-day-of-disruption-as-union-calls-strike-2013-04-19-1.503240

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